Species PlantsBlack Spruce

Black Spruce

Picea mariana

CommonPlant
Illustration of Black Spruce (Picea mariana)

Black Spruce is a small, slow-growing conifer that dominates waterlogged bogs and muskegs across the boreal zone. It is the most tolerant of all North American conifers to cold, wet, oxygen-poor conditions. Its persistent cones can remain on branches for years and serve as a serotinous seed bank, opening after fire to regenerate the forest.

Habitat
Sphagnum bogs, muskegs, and poorly drained boreal soils across northern North America
Diet
Seeds eaten by crossbills and redpolls; browsed by caribou and snowshoe hare
How common
Common

Best time to see a Black Spruce

The best time to see a Black Spruce is May–September, when about 61% of U.S. sightings happen, based on 3,095 research-grade iNaturalist observations.

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